Laser Optics - White Light Laser and its Application

Laser Optics - White Light and Its Application

The existing laser technology has always had a short board, which can only emit light of a single wavelength or narrow band. How to expand the frequency of the laser forming ultra broadband, super straight, ultraviolet, visible and infrared wavelengths of coherent white light laser, is still a human unfulfilled dream, it is a worldwide problem of science and technology. This is because the laser optics is composed of optical resonator, gain medium and pump source. The wavelength of the laser is determined by the energy level structure of the atoms, molecules or ions in the gain substance.

 

Because the natural laser crystal material has a great limitation on the gain frequency range and gain bandwidth, the laser can't produce any wavelength of laser.

Will the perfect white laser be created? What changes and developments could it bring to the application of lasers?

 

1. The sun light

 

It is known to all that all things grow by the sun, and the sunlight brings light and heat to the earth. The familiar sunlight is a kind of white light, and its spectrum covers ultraviolet - visible - near infrared - mid-infrared bands, as shown in figure 1, In the visible light band (400-700 nm), the radiation energy is strongest, covering seven colors of red, orange, yellow, green and blue, and continuous distribution and transition in the spectrum. Because the sun is white, rainbows are often seen in the sky after rain, or the sunlight passes through a glass prism through seven colors of light (figure 2). This is a common experience in everyday life.

 

One of the things that people are less familiar with is that sunlight is a completely incoherent light. In terms of spatial coherence, the sunlight cannot be straight and highly divergent. In terms of temporal coherence, there is no phase correlation and locking between different colors of sunlight. So sunlight can only be used to generate energy for heating, water heaters, solar cells and so on.

 

But the use of modern science and technology, such as the use of sunlight to transmit information, seems to be out of the question.

 

The spectral distribution of sunlight. The spectrum of solar radiation including the sun itself, the spectrum of sunlight entering the earth, and the spectrum of sunlight reaching the sea level due to the absorption of atmospheric water and carbon dioxide.

 

 

2. The advantages and application prospect of white light laser

 

White light laser light source, short wave laser light sources and continuous laser light compared with the ordinary white light, such as sunlight, incandescent lamp, white LED lamp, etc.), it has the advantages of high brightness, high peak power, wide frequency range etc. In the fields of scientific research, defense military, lighting, communication technology, information technology, industrial production, biomedicine, environmental detection, etc.it got a lot of attention.

 

White light, as a kind of new laser light source, it has a variety of advantages of good directionality, high energy density, super continuous spectrum, great bandwidth, the center of the flexible wavelength, high degree of coherence time and space. This will greatly expand the function and application scope of laser technology. The white light laser or the solar laser is the completely coherent light, not only the height of the laser beam, but also the very small region. Different color between amplitude and phase locking completely, by regulating the amplitude and phase, it can change the time of laser pulse shape follow one's inclinationsly, and produce very short pulse width (femtosecond and the femtosecond laser pulses. Such a solar laser will have the potential to realize the focus and convergence of light energy in space and time. It releases energy in small areas and very short periods of time to form extremely high instantaneous power density.

 

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New Crystal Glass may Allow Humans to Breathe Underwater like Fish

The core problem of underwater activity of divers is that humans cannot ingest oxygen from water, therefore, it is necessary to carry gas cylinders or to supply gas from the water surface, and the breathing problem has become one of the most complicated technologies in diving technology. But the water actually dissolves a certain amount of oxygen, fish is through the gills to absorb oxygen from the water to maintain life. In theory, if you can master the rapid uptake of oxygen from water, then humans do not need to carry gas in the underwater activities. But keeping breathing for a long time under water has always been considered unthinkable and impossible, scuba diving can only continue to be carried out underwater by carrying air or by piping. Because fish can absorb oxygen from the water by their gills, humans and mammals don't have gills, and they can't use oxygen in the water to support life.

 

Let the human fish breathe oxygen in the water for a long time to survive in the water, it sounds like science fiction, and Danish scientists have recently been able to get oxygen permanently underwater, which is a step toward that goal. It's because of the kind of crystal material they developed, this synthetic material is named Neptune crystal AquamanCrystal. This synthetic material can continuously ingest oxygen from air and water without any other means. The oxygen absorbed by the crystal can be released as long as it is heated slightly or exposed to low oxygen pressure. At present, it is difficult to produce this kind of synthetic crystal material in large quantities.

 

The implications of this finding are profound, says Christina Mackenzie, a professor at the university of Denmark, who led the research. She told the science daily: "this material can absorb oxygen from the air. Patients with respiratory dysfunction need daily oxygen, the technology will allow patients to get rid of heavy oxygen tanks. Divers may also use the technology in the future to carry a small amount of this crystal grain. The diver breathes the material into the water to absorb oxygen that is dissolved in water, so there is no need to carry gas cylinders or supply the gas from the water. So they named the crystal AquamanCrystal.

 

Neptune crystals have a spongy composition that absorbs oxygen.

 

Neptune crystals absorb oxygen and rely on cobalt ions. This is very similar to the ability of hemoglobin to absorb oxygen. Because oxygen is difficult to dissolve in water and blood, all living things on earth use metal ions to combine and transport oxygen. The hemoglobin in the blood of people and many animals depends on the combination of iron and oxygen. Myoglobin, the myoglobin in muscle cells, is also a similar molecule. Animals such as crabs and spiders rely on copper ions to combine and transport oxygen. The ability of metal ions to absorb oxygen is huge. So it's not surprising that this crystal glass has a powerful ability to absorb oxygen.

 

If you want to know more about how fish breathe underwater, please visit our website.

 

Hyp Design is equipped with a comprehensive metrology lab that includes Zygo® interferometer, profiler,  spectrometer, and MTF testing station. Our capability to accurately & scientifically quantify optical specifications such as surface flatness and Transmission in our products offers our partners confidence and a peace of mind.

 

Borosilicate Windows

 Borosilicate Windows are ideal for high temperature and harsh environment applications. With its excellent shock and thermal resistance property, borosilicate window products can maintain flatness in different environmental conditions.

 

Unlike common borosilicate that is drawn flat, is produced by a float technique that yields superior surface flatness — typically 4 - 6λ per inch.  For more information per material property, please refer to Schott official  brochure.

 

Hyperion Optics orders directly from Schott, offer two grades of custom borosilicate or equivalent windows, float grade which are cut from standard float sheet material and polished grade which are further intensively polished for better flatness and surface quality according to application requirement. We have been providing our standard and custom optical window for filter, first surface mirrors, protection windows utility.

 

Please check our precision grade and thickness available.

Standard Thickness
CT (mm) Tol (mm)	CT (mm) Tol (mm)
0.70 ± 0.05	8.00 ± 0.30
1.10 ± 0.05	9.00 ± 0.30
1.75 ± 0.05	11.00 ± 0.30
2.00 ± 0.05	13.00 ± 0.30
2.25 ± 0.10	15.00 ± 0.50
2.75 ± 0.10	16.00 ± 0.50
3.30 ± 0.20	18.00 ± 0.50
3.80 ± 0.20	19.00 ± 0.50
5.00 ± 0.20	20.00 ± 0.70
5.50 ± 0.20	21.00 ± 0.70
6.50 ± 0.20	25.40 ± 1.00
7.50 ± 0.30

 

Polished Borosilicate Windows	COMMERCIAL GRADE	FACTORY STANDARD	PRECISION GRADE
Diameter Tolerance(mm)	±0.05	±0.03	±0.0125
Center Thickness(mm)	±0.01	±0.03	±0.025
Parallelism (Arc min)	6	<3	<1
Cosmetic(MIL-C-13830A)	100-80	40-20	10/5
Figure Tolerance inλ(Pow/irreg)	3/1	2002/1/4	2001/1/10
Coating (T% avg)	96-98%	99%	99.50%
Materials	Borosilicate Glass

 

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Advantages and Disadvantages of Aspherical Lenses

 The surface radian of aspherical lens is different from that of ordinary spherical lens. In order to pursue the thinness of the lens, it needs to change the surface of the lens. Aspheric lens should be designed as flat as possible. However, the optical properties of flattened lenses, even if they are designed with aspheric surfaces, will decline rapidly. At the same time, the lens is lighter, thinner and flatter, and it still maintains excellent impact resistance, so that the wearer can use it safely.

Advantages of aspherical lenses:

1. Optical advantages: reduce the aberration of the lens and make the vision clearer.
2. Clear images can also be obtained at high luminosity: Although the spherical point focus lens is designed by the best base arc, the luminosity beyond + 7.00D-22.00D is not within the Cherning ellipse, and the aberration can not be eliminated. Only aspheric design can achieve better quality.
3. It can make the lens flatter, thinner and more beautiful. The higher the lenticity of spherical lens, the worse the appearance. Aspheric lens can be designed with flat base arc, which not only makes the appearance beautiful, but also reduces the peripheral magnification. Let others see the wearer's eyes, will not change a lot in size.

Defects of aspherical lenses:

1. Aspheric lens has a relatively small light area. When the eyeball rotates around, it will blur a little when looking at the outside through the lens edge, that is, the visual range of the line of sight becomes smaller.

2. Human's eyeball is spherical. The eyeball rotates to the edge. Through aspheric lens, the object near the eye appears protruding.

 

Hyperion Optics is a professional premium supplier. We provide Anamorphic Lenses, Collimating Lenses, hyp design and so on. Want to know more? Please contact us.